Physics II - 2019/20

Electrostatics: experimental results; the electric charge and its characteristics; the electrometer; Bohr's model of the atom; quantization and conservation of the charge; Coulomb's law; operational definition of the Coulomb; stability of a system of charges; energy of a system of charges; definition of the electric field; the principle of superposition; the electrostatic potential; the electric dipole; flux of a vector field; Gauss's law; the equations for electrostatics. Field and potential for various distributions of charge.

Electrostatics and conductors: Capacity and associated energy; capacitors in series and parallel.

The electric field in matter: Experimental aspects; molecular polarization; polar and non-polar dielectrics; polarization density vector; surface and volumetric polarization charge density; electric displacement field vector; divergence of the electric displacement vector; electric susceptibility and dielectric constant; electric potential in dielectric media; continuity conditions of the electric and electric displacement vectors at the interface of two isotropic and homogeneous dielectrics; force on a dielectric in a capacitor; dielectric strength.

Electric current: Electromotive force; current density and current intensity; principle of conservation of electric charge; Ohm's laws; Joule's law; resistances in series and parallel. Kirchhoff's laws.

Magnetostatics: The sources of the magnetic field and experimental facts; the law of Biot-Savart; magnetic dipole of a current loop; line integrals on closed loops and Ampere's Law; integral and differential forms for the equations of magnetostatics.

Electromagnetic induction: The Lorentz force; Faraday's law of induction and Lenz's law; rotor of the electric field; inductance and associated energy.

Alternating currents. RLC circuit.

Magnetic field in matter: Orbital and spin magnetic moments in atoms; diamagnetism and paramagnetism; magnetization intensity; surface and volumetric magnetization currents;

Electromagnetism. Stationary and time-dependent Maxwell's equations. Electromagnetic waves. Poynting's vector. Potentials of the electromagnetic field.